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中国沙漠 ›› 2024, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (1): 86-95.DOI: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-694X.2023.00056

• • 上一篇    下一篇

河西走廊泡果白刺( Nitraria sphaerocarpa )种子表型差异及休眠破除

王进1,3(), 刘钊2,3(), 张玉杰3,4, 濮超1,3, 吴尧1,3, 鄂利锋1,3, 谢全刚1,3   

  1. 1.河西学院,农业与生态工程学院,甘肃 张掖 734000
    2.河西学院,生命科学与工程学院,甘肃 张掖 734000
    3.河西学院,甘肃省河西走廊特色资源利用重点实验室,甘肃 张掖 734000
    4.甘州区九龙江林场,甘肃 张掖 734000
  • 收稿日期:2022-11-04 修回日期:2023-04-27 出版日期:2024-01-20 发布日期:2023-12-26
  • 通讯作者: 刘钊
  • 作者简介:刘钊(E-mail: liuzhaoyb@163.com
    王进(1974—),男,甘肃张掖人,硕士,教授,主要从事种子生物学研究等工作。 E-mail: wangjin0810@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技厅2021年重点研发计划-农业类项目(21YF5NA128)

Phenotype differences and dormancy breaking of Nitraria sphaerocarpa seeds in Hexi Corridor

Jin Wang1,3(), Zhao Liu2,3(), Yujie Zhang3,4, Chao Pu1,3, Yao Wu1,3, Lifeng E1,3, Quangang Xie1,3   

  1. 1.College of Agriculture and Ecological Engineering /, Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
    2.College of Life Science and Engineering /, Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
    3.Key Laboratory of Hexi Corridor Resources Utilization of Gansu, Hexi University,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
    4.Jiulong Jiang Forest Farm of Ganzhou District,Zhangye 734000,Gansu,China
  • Received:2022-11-04 Revised:2023-04-27 Online:2024-01-20 Published:2023-12-26
  • Contact: Zhao Liu

摘要:

为筛选泡果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)优质种源进行人工栽培,以河西走廊戈壁荒滩、山前平地、荒漠沙地采集的25份泡果白刺种子为材料,研究其物理特性、休眠特性、休眠破除方法及萌发特性。结果表明:泡果白刺种子呈纺锤形或针形,种皮乳黄、黄褐色,极少数为黑褐色;种子外表皮较软,表面粗糙;种子长7.01~9.29 mm,宽1.90~2.63 mm,形状指数为5.41~11.18,千粒重8.28~19.23 g,比重1.02~1.16 g·cm-3,容重282.17~448.33 kg·L-1,优良度34.5%~92%;初始发芽率4.25%~30.25%。不同样品种子各指标均达到了极显著差异(P<0.01);种子比重与种子优良度极显著正相关(P<0.01),种子优良度与初始发芽率和样地水分极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在果实发育期灌水保育,可有效保证种子优良度;采集的种子中休眠种子和非休眠种子同时存在,不同采种基地种子特征特性和休眠深度不同;种子休眠原因是种子中存在发芽抑制物质,种子中的发芽抑制物能溶于NaOH、Ca(OH)2或KOH溶液,且发芽抑制物具有非专一性,既可抑制自身萌发,也可抑制其他植物种子萌发。用NaOH、Ca(OH)2或KOH溶液处理后清洗种子,可剔除种子发芽抑制物,使种子休眠完全释放。破除休眠后,25份泡果白刺种子发芽率为13%~90%,平均发芽日数为1.88~2.95 d,发芽指数4.03~34.07。适宜条件下,泡果白刺种子置床后2 h内为急剧吸水期,2~14 h为缓慢吸水期,14 h后为饱和吸水期,吸水率维持在60%;种子萌发过程中物质效率达到67.09%,种子萌发形成的幼苗为双子叶子子叶出土类型幼苗。

关键词: 泡果白刺(Nitraria sphaerocarpa)种子, 河西走廊, 休眠破除, 发芽率, 表型差异

Abstract:

In order to screen high-quality seed sources of pickled Nitraria sphaerocarpa for artificial cultivation, 25 pickled Nitraria sphaerocarpa seeds were collected as materials in the Gobi Desert Beach, in front of the Hexi Corridor and the desert sand to study their physical characteristics, dormant characteristics, dormant destruction methods and germination characteristics. The results show that the foam Nitraria sphaerocarpa seeds are spindle-shaped or needle-shaped, with milky yellowish-brown colors, and a very few are black-brown. The outer skin of the seeds is soft and the surface is rough. The seed length is 7.01-9.29 mm, the width is 1.90-2.63 mm, the shape index is 5.41-11.18, the thousand grain weight is 8.28-19.23 g, the specific gravity is 1.02-1.16 g·cm-3, the volume weight is 282.17-448.33 kg·L-1, the soundness is 34.5%-92%, the initial germination rate is 4.25%-30.25%, and the indicators of different sample seeds have reached a very significant difference (P<0.01); the seed specific gravity is extremely positively correlated with the seed soundness (P<0.01), the seed soundness is extremely positive correlation cleaning the seed with NaOH, Ca(OH)2 or KOH solution can remove the seed germination inhibitors and release the seed dormant completely. After breaking the dormancy, the germination rate of 25 foam fruit white thorn seeds is between 13% and 90%, the average germination days is 1.88-2.95 d, and the germination index is 4.03-34.07. Under suitable conditions, the seed of pickled fruit is a sharp water absorption period within 2 h after being put on the bed, a slow water absorption period of 2 to 14 h, and a saturated water absorption period after 14 h. The water absorption rate remains at 60%, the material efficiency reaches 67.09% during seed germination, and the seedlings formed by seed germination are dicotyledon leaf seedlings.

Key words: Nitraria sphaerocarpa seed, Hexi Corridor, dormant rupture, germination rate, phenotype difference

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